The Effects of Leadership Styles on The Performance Public Sector

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study explores the impact of traditional (bureaucratic) and transformational leadership styles on the organizational performance of the Tanzania Airports Authority (TAA). The main problem addressed is understanding how these distinct leadership styles coexist and influence performance. The research objectives include examining the prevalence of bureaucratic leadership, evaluating the display of transformational leadership behaviors, and determining the effects of both styles on organizational outcomes. A quantitative research approach was employed, using a cross-sectional design. Data were gathered from 110 respondents through a structured questionnaire, with a simple random sampling method used to ensure a representative sample. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and linear regression to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and performance. The findings show that bureaucratic leadership is widely practiced at TAA, marked by centralized decision- making and a focus on seniority. Regression analysis identified a strong negative correlation between bureaucratic leadership and organizational performance (R = - 0.862), indicating that increased reliance on this style is linked to lower performance levels. In contrast, transformational leadership behaviors such as motivating staff, encouraging innovation, and fostering open communication were observed to have a moderate positive effect on performance (R = 0.310). Transformational leadership explained 9.6% of the variance in performance, highlighting its positive but limited impact. In conclusion, the study found that TAA’s leadership culture combines elements of both bureaucratic and transformational styles. While bureaucratic leadership hampers flexibility and responsiveness, transformational leadership contributes positively to organizational performance. It is recommended that TAA adopt more transformational leadership practices, focus on empowering employees, and implement policy changes that encourage innovation and open dialogue. Additionally, enhancing leadership development programs could further boost organizational effectiveness and adaptability.