Assessing the Contribution of Force Account to the Effectiveness of Public Construction Projects in Tanzania:

Abstract

The construction sector in Tanzania continues to grapple with significant challenges, including cost-efficiency, timely project delivery, and maintaining high-quality outcomes in public projects. Traditional procurement methods have frequently led to delays, cost overruns, and compromised quality, primarily due to inefficiencies and mismanagement. In response, the Tanzanian government has implemented the force account approach, enabling public entities to manage construction projects directly through internal personnel and resources. This method aims to enhance value for money by minimizing dependence on external contractors, reducing costs, and promoting transparency. However, questions remain regarding its effectiveness in achieving these objectives, particularly concerning cost control, project quality, and transparency. This study assessed these factors and found that personnel qualities, such as experience and qualifications, play a crucial role in the successful execution of force account projects, with 76% of respondents highlighting the significance of personal experience in attaining value for money. While opinions on the impact of gender diversity in construction management varied, transparency emerged as a notable advantage of the force account approach, as respondents reported active participation in site visits, meetings, and budget planning. This engagement fosters accountability, ensuring that projects remain within budget and adhere to timelines. Furthermore, the research underscored the importance of organizational capital, emphasizing that sufficient financial and skilled human resources are vital for the efficient and timely completion of projects. Nevertheless, the frequent use of substandard or outdated equipment was identified as a significant contributor to project delays, highlighting the need for better resource management. In conclusion, while the force account method has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing transparency and resource management, further attention is necessary to promote gender inclusivity and improve equipment quality to fully optimize public construction outcomes.