Evaluating Gender Inclusiveness in the Land Tenure Improvement Project

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate gender inclusiveness in the Land Tenure Improvement Project in Maswa District’s Sukuma villages. The study used social constructionist theory and institutionalism theory that focuses on the interdependent, situational and institutional aspects of gender. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design combining qualitative and quantitative methods to understand the socio-cultural elements, gender representation, and gender-inclusive policies affecting land ownership. A sample of 235 randomly and purposively selected from the population. Along with FGD, qualitative data was gathered using interviews with Village Executive Officers, Ward Executive Officers, traditional leaders, and officers of land administration authority. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were applied, and inferential statistics analyzed using SPSS. The mixed-method approach helped to clarify the problem and made evidence-based solutions possible to advance female equality in land administration. The study found that men mostly control decisions about land ownership and use, and women participate in these activities slightly not often. Furthermore, seen as obstacles to women's land ownership are traditional conventions, implying those cultural standards still hinder advancement toward gender equality in property rights. Women’s perspectives are heard in the decision-making process, but the participation rates at community meetings show a discrepancy, women participate rarely. Men also seem to control conversations, implying that even with women's contributions acknowledged, involvement is still inadequate. The results on gender-inclusive policies and practices have both good impressions and negative aspects. The gender-inclusive rules were well implemented and attempts were made to promote these practices through community education and training, but enforcement still lags. This gap between policy development and actual implementation brings questions regarding the real influence on gender equality. The study noted insufficient support services for women and a lack of regular monitoring systems limit the full realization of gender inclusiveness in land tenure and policies and practices. Additionally crucial is involving males as partners in the fight for gender equality since their support helps to bring about cultural changes inside the society. The study concluded that Gender Representation and Participation (β = 0.244, p-value = 0.001) have a statistically significant positive influence on enhanced gender-sensitive land tenure. The recommendations to improve gender equality in land ownership should center on carrying out educational campaigns meant to increase knowledge of women's rights. To motivate women to actively participate in community meetings and leadership roles to handle these issues. Having training and awareness campaigns targeted at women with knowledge of land rights. Improving monitoring and assessment systems, raising responsibility, and offering frequent training courses concentrated on gender rights. Keywords: Gender inclusivity; Land tenure; Policy enforcement; Women's empowerment; Monitoring and evaluation