Assessing Technology Choices for Sustainable Water Supply in Tanzania

Abstract

This study explored the role of technology in enhancing sustainable water supply systems in Mtwara District, Tanzania, with a specific focus on three critical factors: affordability, appropriateness, and durability. As water access becomes an increasingly pressing issue due to population growth and climate change, the demand for reliable, cost-effective, and sustainable water supply solutions intensifies. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from a structured survey of 98 respondents with qualitative insights to assess how these technological attributes influence the long-term sustainability of water supply systems. The results reveal that affordability plays a key role in enhancing the cost-effectiveness and overall reliability of water technologies, making them accessible to a broader segment of the population. Additionally, the appropriateness of technologies defined by their relevance to local needs and conditions ensures greater user acceptance and more effective integration into existing infrastructure. Durability was found to be equally important, as it directly impacts the longevity of water systems and reduces dependency on costly repairs or replacements. The study highlights that when these factors are prioritized, they not only improve the operational efficiency of water systems but also contribute to building community resilience and enhancing the sustainability of water resources in the district. The findings suggest that for Mtwara District to optimize water supply management, it is essential to focus on technologies that are affordable, contextually appropriate, and durable. In terms of future research, the study recommends examining the potential impact of emerging water technologies and the role of community engagement in strengthening water resource management and ensuring long-term sustainability.