Impact of Underperformance on Projects Delivery In Government Development Education and Water Projects in Longido District Council, Arusha Region, Tanzania

Abstract

This study investigates the underperformance of government development projects in education and water sectors within Longido District Council, Arusha, Tanzania. The persistent problem of delayed projects, budget overruns, and suboptimal outcomes prompted an assessment of the causes, impacts, and challenges in project delivery. The research aimed to identify factors contributing to underperformance, its effects on service delivery, and challenges faced during implementation. An interpretivist research philosophy guided this qualitative study, employing a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 key informants and three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 19 participants, using purposive and convenience sampling strategies to select participants. The analysis involved thematic analysis of qualitative data to identify patterns and trends related to project performance. Systems Theory provided the theoretical foundation, emphasizing the interrelated factors impacting project outcomes. Key findings revealed poor project coordination, inadequate funding, weak oversight, and cultural factors as significant causes of underperformance, leading to unfinished schools and unreliable water sources. The study concludes that effective governance and community engagement are essential for improving project delivery. It is therefore recommended that, strengthening accountability mechanisms, increasing stakeholder participation, and enhancing resource allocation will ensure sustainable outcomes. This research contributes to the literature by offering insights into the localized factors affecting project performance in rural Tanzania, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in similar contexts.