Abstract:
The study explored the impact of natural resource-based conflicts on community
well-being, focusing on Barrick North Mara Gold Mine in Mara, Tanzania. The study
aimed to evaluate how these conflicts affected the surrounding communities'
economic, social, and environmental aspects. Specifically, the objectives were to
identify the causes of resource-based conflicts, assess their effects on local
livelihoods, and propose potential preventive measures to enhance community well-
being. Grounded in Relative Deprivation Theory, which explains conflict as a
response to perceived disparities between expected and actual benefits from
resources, the study used a qualitative approach within a case study design. The
research area covered seven villages around the mine, with a sample of 29
respondents that included community members, local leaders, mining officials, and
government representatives. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews,
allowing for an in-depth exploration of participants' experiences, and thematic
analysis was used to identify recurring patterns and themes. Findings revealed that
conflicts were primarily fuelled by land ownership disputes, environmental
degradation, perceived inequalities in resource distribution, and a lack of transparent
communication between the mine and the community. These factors created an
environment of mistrust and resentment, further compounded by incidents involving
mine security forces, which contributed to fear and tension within the community.
The study identified a range of impacts on community well-being, including
economic hardship due to lost livelihoods, social instability, health challenges from
pollution, and a weakening of traditional structures and social cohesion. Respondents
highlighted the loss of access to essential resources, such as farmland and clean
water, as a significant contributor to poverty and food insecurity. The study
concluded that while mining had potential economic benefits, failing to address
community concerns and ensure equitable resource sharing exacerbated long-term
conflicts, ultimately undermining local well-being. Recommendations included
fostering improved communication and dialogue between the mine and the
community.
Key Terms: Natural Resource, Conflicts, Community Wellbeing, Barrick Gold Mine
