The Effects of Population Growth on Management of Forest Resources in Tanzania

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of population growth on the management of forest resources in Tanzania. The case of MERU/USA forest plantations. The study was guided by the following research objectives; To analyze the trends in population growth within the Meru/USA Forest Plantations over the past thirty years, to investigate the socio-economic factors that influence the utilization of forest resources in Meru/Usa Forest Plantations. As well as to assess the effectiveness of management interventions employed to conserve forest resources in Meru/Usa Forest Plantations. The study was enriched by Malthusian theories on the relationship between population growth and natural resources. The proposed study is based on the positivism philosophy. The study employed a mixed-methods research approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods to capture a comprehensive understanding of the research problem, this study employed a descriptive research design to investigate and illustrate the relationship between forest resource management and rapid population growth. The findings from this study show that the population in the study area has grown significantly, from 132,861 in 1988 to 449,518 in 2022. This growth, fueled by high birth rates and migration, has led to increased demand for land, timber, and other forest products, intensifying pressure on the forest ecosystem. The study identified several critical factors contributing to forest degradation, with illegal logging (54%) being the primary cause. This issue, driven by economic needs and weak enforcement of forest management policies, has led to the depletion of forest cover. Other challenges included the use of marginal lands for agriculture (25%) and forest encroachment (21%). It was recommended to strengthen law enforcement to curb illegal logging and forest encroachment. Improving government approval processes for forest management plans and ensuring clear benefit-sharing mechanisms between the government and local communities. Furthermore, promoting education and awareness campaigns to increase understanding of sustainable forest management practices. Encouraging the adoption of alternative energy sources to reduce the reliance on firewood and mitigate pressure on forest resources. By addressing these