Assessment of Conflicts between Artisanal Gold Miners and Landowners

Abstract

This study assesses the conflicts between artisanal gold miners and landowners in Kahama District, Tanzania, focusing on the dynamics of stakeholder interactions within the gold mining sector. The research investigates the nature of conflicts arising from mining activities, evaluates the effectiveness of the legal and regulatory framework governing the sector, and identifies the challenges associated with these conflicts. Grounded in the Political Ecology Framework Theory and Stakeholder Theory, the study provides both macro and micro-level perspectives on the socio political and economic factors driving resource conflicts and shaping stakeholder interactions. The primary objectives were: (i) to explore the nature of conflicts from artisanal gold mining, (ii) to assess the effectiveness of the legal and regulatory framework, and (iii) to identify the challenges emerging from these conflicts. A mixed-methods research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. The study involved 100 respondents, comprising artisanal miners, landowners, government officials, community leaders, and NGO representatives. The findings reveal that conflicts between artisanal miners and landowners predominantly stem from issues related to land use, inadequate compensation, and profit-sharing arrangements, with 65% of respondents highlighting compensation-related disputes as a major concern. Furthermore, while a legal framework is in place, 75% of respondents perceived it as ineffective, attributing this perception to corruption and weak enforcement. Additionally, the study identifies environmental degradation and governance challenges as significant concerns, with 70% of respondents reporting ecological damage resulting from mining activities. In conclusion, the study underscores that addressing these conflicts necessitates comprehensive legal reforms, strengthened governance structures, and the adoption of sustainable mining practices. It recommends formal conflict resolution mechanisms, improved legal provisions, and enhanced government support for environmental protection and stakeholder collaboration within the mining sector.