Abstract:
This study assesses the conflicts between artisanal gold miners and landowners in
Kahama District, Tanzania, focusing on the dynamics of stakeholder interactions
within the gold mining sector. The research investigates the nature of conflicts
arising from mining activities, evaluates the effectiveness of the legal and regulatory
framework governing the sector, and identifies the challenges associated with these
conflicts. Grounded in the Political Ecology Framework Theory and Stakeholder
Theory, the study provides both macro and micro-level perspectives on the socio
political and economic factors driving resource conflicts and shaping stakeholder
interactions. The primary objectives were: (i) to explore the nature of conflicts from
artisanal gold mining, (ii) to assess the effectiveness of the legal and regulatory
framework, and (iii) to identify the challenges emerging from these conflicts. A
mixed-methods research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and
qualitative data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, and focus group
discussions. The study involved 100 respondents, comprising artisanal miners,
landowners, government officials, community leaders, and NGO representatives. The
findings reveal that conflicts between artisanal miners and landowners predominantly
stem from issues related to land use, inadequate compensation, and profit-sharing
arrangements, with 65% of respondents highlighting compensation-related disputes
as a major concern. Furthermore, while a legal framework is in place, 75% of
respondents perceived it as ineffective, attributing this perception to corruption and
weak enforcement. Additionally, the study identifies environmental degradation and
governance challenges as significant concerns, with 70% of respondents reporting
ecological damage resulting from mining activities. In conclusion, the study
underscores that addressing these conflicts necessitates comprehensive legal reforms,
strengthened governance structures, and the adoption of sustainable mining practices.
It recommends formal conflict resolution mechanisms, improved legal provisions,
and enhanced government support for environmental protection and stakeholder
collaboration within the mining sector.
