Effects of Unofficial Border Crossing On National Security

Abstract

This study examined the effects of unofficial border crossings on national security at the Namanga One-Stop Border Post, focusing on identifying the strategies used by government agencies, assessing the potential security consequences, and understanding the diverse methods employed by individuals in such crossings. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design utilizing mixed approaches to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the issue. A total of 100 respondents participated in the study, including individuals subjected to surveys, while four key informants from Tanzanian and Kenyan border control agencies, customs, immigration, and law enforcement were interviewed to provide expert insights. Data collection methods included structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews to capture both statistical trends and nuanced perspectives. The data were analysed using a mixed-methods approach, combining descriptive statistics to summarize trends and inferential analyses to explore relationships and implications. The qualitative data were analysed thematically to identify patterns and strategies relevant to border security challenges. The findings revealed that unofficial border crossings at Namanga were driven by various factors, including economic pressures, inadequate border patrol resources, and the porous nature of certain border areas. The Kenyan government has implemented strategies to address unofficial border crossings at Namanga, including increased surveillance, advanced technology deployment, and collaboration between Kenyan and Tanzanian border authorities. However, challenges like limited resources, corruption, and coordination difficulties persist. The study suggests enhanced cooperation among law enforcement agencies, regional stakeholders, and international partners, as well as investments in capacity building, technological advancements, and community engagement, to develop sustainable solutions that address the root causes and consequences of unofficial border crossings, improving border security, regional stability, and economic development.