Abstract:
This study examined the effects of unofficial border crossings on national security at the
Namanga One-Stop Border Post, focusing on identifying the strategies used by
government agencies, assessing the potential security consequences, and understanding
the diverse methods employed by individuals in such crossings. The research adopted a
cross-sectional survey design utilizing mixed approaches to ensure a comprehensive
understanding of the issue. A total of 100 respondents participated in the study, including
individuals subjected to surveys, while four key informants from Tanzanian and Kenyan
border control agencies, customs, immigration, and law enforcement were interviewed to
provide expert insights. Data collection methods included structured questionnaires and
in-depth interviews to capture both statistical trends and nuanced perspectives. The data
were analysed using a mixed-methods approach, combining descriptive statistics to
summarize trends and inferential analyses to explore relationships and implications. The
qualitative data were analysed thematically to identify patterns and strategies relevant to
border security challenges. The findings revealed that unofficial border crossings at
Namanga were driven by various factors, including economic pressures, inadequate
border patrol resources, and the porous nature of certain border areas. The Kenyan
government has implemented strategies to address unofficial border crossings at
Namanga, including increased surveillance, advanced technology deployment, and
collaboration between Kenyan and Tanzanian border authorities. However, challenges
like limited resources, corruption, and coordination difficulties persist. The study suggests
enhanced cooperation among law enforcement agencies, regional stakeholders, and
international partners, as well as investments in capacity building, technological
advancements, and community engagement, to develop sustainable solutions that address
the root causes and consequences of unofficial border crossings, improving border
security, regional stability, and economic development.
