THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Abstract

This study assessed the role of transformational leadership style on organizational performance at Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) in Arusha, Tanzania, guided by the Transformational Leadership Theory. A pragmatic research philosophy was adopted, emphasizing practical solutions and real-world applicability. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of leadership practices at TANAPA. A descriptive research design was utilized to provide an accurate representation of leadership effects on employee performance. The study population comprised 141 employees across various hierarchical levels, including senior managers, middle-level managers, supervisors, general employees, and human resource officers. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample of 104 respondents was selected through a combination of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and guided interviews, with quantitative data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that transformational leadership significantly and positively influences organizational performance at TANAPA. Regression analysis shows that leadership idealized influence (β = 0.556), inspirational motivation (β = 0.203), and intellectual stimulation (β = 0.242) collectively explain 96.4% of the variation in performance (R² = 0.964). Employees perceive leaders as ethical, participative, supportive, and innovative, although variations exist across departments, particularly regarding mentorship and recognition of individual potential. Leaders effectively communicate the organizational vision, engage employees in decision-making, and foster creativity, critical thinking, and adaptability, which enhance employee commitment, job satisfaction, productivity, and overall institutional effectiveness. The study concludes that transformational leadership is a key driver of organizational success at TANAPA. Leaders who serve as role models, inspire employees, and encourage innovation significantly contribute to improved service delivery, sustained performance, and a culture of continuous improvement. The study recommends strengthening leadership development programs, motivational practices, and mechanisms to align employees with organizational goals to further enhance institutional performance