The Cultural Taboos around Sexuality on Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse in Tanzania

Abstract

The study explored the cultural taboos surrounding sexuality on the understanding of Child Sexual Abuse in Tanzania, using a case study approach focused on Moshi District. The problem addressed in this study was Child Sexual Abuse (CSA). Globally, there are barriers that cultural beliefs and practices pose in recognizing, discussing, and addressing instances of CSA, potentially leading to underreporting, victim silencing, and hindering access to support services for survivors. The study was guided by Ecological Systems Theory and Social Learning Theory with three specific research objectives which were to identify cultural taboos surrounding sexuality that inhibits open discussions about child sexual abuse, to investigate how cultural taboos influence communication patterns within families regarding CSA, and how cultural taboos influence individuals’ willingness to seek help in cases of CSA. The study adopted a constructivism research philosophy, a qualitative research approach, and a case study research design. The target population was 109 individuals. Non-probability sampling technique was used to obtain 14 participants through the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using interview guides and document analysis guides. The validity and reliability of research instrument was ensured by pilot testing of the instruments and IAA subject matter experts. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that cultural norms make it difficult for individuals to discuss CSA openly, communication challenges within families hinder conversations about CSA, and cultural beliefs act as barriers for CSA victims seeking assistance. To mitigate the problem of CSA, the study recommended strategies that integrate cultural values, improve access to support services and educate the community, and empowerment of parents to play a supportive role in addressing CSA issues within families.