Abstract:
This study explores the socio-economic and security impacts of informal border
crossings in Buhigwe District, Tanzania, located along the Tanzania-Burundi border.
Informal migration in this region has created significant challenges, including resource
competition, changes in labor dynamics, social tensions, and security concerns. The
study aims to analyze these impacts, identify gaps in current border management
policies, and provide recommendations to enhance community resilience and border
security. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected from 35 purposively selected
respondents, including immigration officers, local leaders, UNHCR officials, and
farmers. Methods such as semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and
participant observation provided in-depth insights into the challenges and perceptions
surrounding informal migration. Thematic analysis, supported by triangulation, ensured
reliability and accuracy of findings. The study found that informal migration strains
local resources, destabilizes labor markets, and increases the demand for social services,
fueling tensions between host communities and migrants. Security concerns, including
cross-border crime and inadequate law enforcement, further complicate the situation.
Gaps in policies, especially in border enforcement and humanitarian support for
vulnerable groups such as women and children, were identified. The study recommends
an integrated policy framework to balance security and humanitarian needs. Proposed
measures include strengthening border management, supporting local development, and
fostering collaboration among community leaders, government authorities, and
international organizations to achieve sustainable migration management and resilience
in the region.
i
