Role of Village Leaders in Combating Cross-Border Smuggling

Abstract

This study assessed the role of village leaders in combating cross-border smuggling at the Namanga border in Tanzania. The study was guided by the Social Capital Theory in 1988 with three specific objectives which were to examine the level of awareness of village leaders on cross-border smuggling, the level of collaboration between village leaders and law enforcement agencies in enforcing border control measures to prevent cross-border smuggling, and to outline challenges affecting village leaders in preventing cross-border smuggling. The study adopted a pragmatism research philosophy, a mixed-method research approach and a convergent research design. The target population was 8,000 individuals. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to obtain 110 research participants through purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected by using interview guides and questionnaires. Data was analyzed through descriptive and thematic analysis. Ethical consideration included plagiarism check, confidentiality, informed consents, and permissions. The study has revealed a majority of the respondents recognizing smuggling routes, methods, goods, and key individuals. Despite challenges like training deficiencies, resistance, and cultural barriers, enhancing partnerships and personalized training programs could strengthen leaders' effectiveness. Engagement levels varied, with gaps in intelligence sharing and collaboration on strategies. Targeted training, security measures, legal support, community involvement, and cultural sensitivity training are vital to empower village leaders in effectively addressing cross-border smuggling.