Abstract:
This study assessed the role of village leaders in combating cross-border smuggling at
the Namanga border in Tanzania. The study was guided by the Social Capital Theory
in 1988 with three specific objectives which were to examine the level of awareness
of village leaders on cross-border smuggling, the level of collaboration between village
leaders and law enforcement agencies in enforcing border control measures to prevent
cross-border smuggling, and to outline challenges affecting village leaders in
preventing cross-border smuggling. The study adopted a pragmatism research
philosophy, a mixed-method research approach and a convergent research design. The
target population was 8,000 individuals. Probability and non-probability sampling
techniques were used to obtain 110 research participants through purposive and
stratified random sampling techniques. Data was collected by using interview guides
and questionnaires. Data was analyzed through descriptive and thematic analysis.
Ethical consideration included plagiarism check, confidentiality, informed consents,
and permissions. The study has revealed a majority of the respondents recognizing
smuggling routes, methods, goods, and key individuals. Despite challenges like
training deficiencies, resistance, and cultural barriers, enhancing partnerships and
personalized training programs could strengthen leaders' effectiveness. Engagement
levels varied, with gaps in intelligence sharing and collaboration on strategies.
Targeted training, security measures, legal support, community involvement, and
cultural sensitivity training are vital to empower village leaders in effectively
addressing cross-border smuggling.
