Factors Contributing to Illegal Immigration in Tanzania:

Abstract

Illegal migration is an urgent and critical issue of global proportions, with countries all over the world, including Tanzania, grappling with its complexities. This study sought to unravel the complexity of factors contributing to illegal migration in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Specifically, the research examined the internal environment of the region, the external environment of the countries of origin of migrants, and the geographical factors that either facilitate or impede illegal migration. The study leveraged a mixed-methods research approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods, Findings indicated that internal environment, the availability of job opportunities and accessible social services have been identified as strong pull factors for migrants. Contrarily, political and law enforcement aspects have proven to be of lesser influence on migration patterns. It is concluded that the external environment in countries of origin, political instability, economic hardships, and inadequate social services emerged as dominant forces pushing individuals towards migration. Climate change and environmental factors, coupled with discrimination and persecution in home countries, further propel the migration phenomenon. the strategic location of the Kilimanjaro region, marked by porous borders and proximity to other nations, significantly facilitates illegal migration. Climate and weather conditions, along with natural resources, It is recommended that The exploration of policy adjustments, international collaborations, and regional developments in shaping migration trends is recommended to provide comprehensive insights and adaptive strategies for addressing this persistent challenge.