Abstract:
Illegal migration is an urgent and critical issue of global proportions, with countries all over the world,
including Tanzania, grappling with its complexities. This study sought to unravel the complexity of
factors contributing to illegal migration in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Specifically, the research
examined the internal environment of the region, the external environment of the countries of origin of
migrants, and the geographical factors that either facilitate or impede illegal migration. The study
leveraged a mixed-methods research approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods,
Findings indicated that internal environment, the availability of job opportunities and accessible social
services have been identified as strong pull factors for migrants. Contrarily, political and law
enforcement aspects have proven to be of lesser influence on migration patterns. It is concluded that
the external environment in countries of origin, political instability, economic hardships, and inadequate
social services emerged as dominant forces pushing individuals towards migration. Climate change
and environmental factors, coupled with discrimination and persecution in home countries, further
propel the migration phenomenon. the strategic location of the Kilimanjaro region, marked by porous
borders and proximity to other nations, significantly facilitates illegal migration. Climate and weather
conditions, along with natural resources, It is recommended that The exploration of policy adjustments,
international collaborations, and regional developments in shaping migration trends is recommended
to provide comprehensive insights and adaptive strategies for addressing this persistent challenge.
