Abstract:
This research study assessed unethical behaviors among employees in public institutions and
their effects on organizational performance, with a specific focus on the National Health Insurance
Fund Headquarters (NHIF-HQ) in the City of Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed a case
study design and a qualitative research approach, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the
experiences and perspectives of employees regarding workplace unethical behaviors . Data was
collected through interviews with 30 participants, including management and staff at NHIF-HQ.
The research revealed that unethical behaviors in the workplace are prevalent and have adverse
effects on NHIF's performance. These behaviors are primarily driven by factors such as job
dissatisfaction, unfair treatment, and job stress. The consequences of unethical behavior at NHIF
include diminished customer satisfaction, poor employee productivity, and suboptimal financial
performance. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of managerial strategic
approaches in curbing unethical behaviors. Ethical training programs, clear ethical guidelines,
ethical communication, code of conduct implementation, ethical leadership, and reward and
punishment systems are found to be effective in addressing ethical problems, including the
prevention of fraud, insubordination, and absenteeism. The findings of this research hold
important implications for the government, policymakers, and researchers in addressing unethical
behaviors in public institutions. Government and policymakers can utilize the findings to develop
evidence-based policies and guidelines, while researchers can build upon this study to explor
